Class: Primary 4
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 7
Age: 9 years
Duration: 40 minutes
Subject: Basic Science
Curriculum Theme: Energy and Matter
Previous Lesson: s on Liquids - Meaning of liquid, Physical properties, Movement, and Examples of liquids
Topic: LIQUIDS USED AS SOURCES OF ENERGY
Content/Learning Area: Meaning of energy, Examples of liquids that provide energy.
Performance Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Cognitive Domain:
- Define energy and explain what sources of energy are
- Identify at least five liquids that serve as sources of energy
- Explain how liquid fuels provide energy
- Affective Domain:
- Appreciate the importance of liquid energy sources in everyday life
- Show awareness of the need to conserve liquid energy sources
- Psychomotor Domain:
- Demonstrate through drawing or modeling how liquid fuels are used
- Sort different types of liquid fuels based on their uses
- Social Domain:
- Participate actively in group discussions about liquid energy sources
- Collaborate effectively with peers on simple experiments or activities related to liquid fuels
Reference Materials:
The following resources was used in planning this lesson:
- 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
- Abuja Educational Resource Centre Scheme of work
- NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
- Online Information from: Vikaspedia – Sources of Energy
- Relevant Textbooks
Instructional Materials:
The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:
- Charts showing different liquid fuels
- Pictures/illustrations of applications of liquid fuels
- Empty containers of cooking oil and small bottles of kerosene (sealed)
- Video clips showing how liquid fuels provide energy
- Samples of biodiesel in sealed containers (if available)
- Flashcards with names and uses of various liquid fuels
- Simple model/diagram of a kerosene lamp
Rationale for the Lesson:
Understanding liquid energy sources helps pupils recognize how everyday fuels power vehicles, cooking, and electricity generation, connecting classroom science to their daily experiences with kerosene, petroleum and cooking oils.
Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge:
Pupils should already know that energy is needed to do work, and they should be familiar with some common forms of energy like heat, light, and motion from their previous lessons in Basic Science.
Lesson Content:
What is Energy?
Energy is the ability or capacity to do work. It is what makes things happen or change. Energy can be found in different forms such as heat, light, motion, sound, and electricity. In our daily lives, we need energy to move, cook food, power vehicles, and operate machines. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
Sources of Energy
Sources of energy are materials or resources from which we can obtain energy to do work. These sources are divided into renewable and non-renewable sources. Renewable sources can be replenished naturally (like sunlight and wind), while non-renewable sources cannot be quickly replaced once used up (like petroleum and coal). Energy sources can be solid (like coal), liquid (like kerosene), or gaseous (like natural gas).
Liquid Sources of Energy
Liquid sources of energy are fluids that can be burned or processed to release energy. They are important because they can be easily transported through pipelines or in containers and can be stored for long periods. Liquid fuels are widely used because they have high energy content relative to their volume and can be easily measured and dispensed.
Common Liquid Fuels and Their Uses
- Petroleum (Petrol/Gasoline):
- It is a clear, light-brown or colorless liquid
- Used mainly as fuel for cars, motorcycles, and generators
- Gives off heat energy when burned in engines
- One of the most commonly used liquid fuels in Nigeria
- Diesel:
- Thicker and oilier than petrol
- Used in heavy-duty vehicles like trucks and buses
- Powers many industrial generators
- Burns more slowly than petrol but provides more energy per liter
- Kerosene:
- Clear liquid that burns with a bright flame
- Commonly used in homes for cooking and lighting (kerosene lamps)
- Used as fuel in some jet engines and tractors
- Important household energy source in many Nigerian communities
- Cooking Oils (Palm oil, Groundnut oil):
- Natural oils extracted from plants
- Used primarily for cooking food
- Release heat energy when heated
- Can also be used as emergency lamp fuel
- Biodiesel:
- Made from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking oils
- Used as an alternative to petroleum diesel
- More environmentally friendly than fossil fuels
- Can be used in many diesel engines with little or no modification
How Liquid Fuels Provide Energy
Liquid fuels provide energy through combustion (burning). When these liquids are burned, they combine with oxygen in the air and release heat energy. This heat energy can then be used directly (as in cooking) or converted to other forms of energy (like mechanical energy in engines). The process happens in these steps:
- The liquid fuel is ignited (set on fire)
- The fuel burns by combining with oxygen
- Heat energy is released during burning
- This heat energy is harnessed for various uses like cooking, transportation, or generating electricity
Importance of Liquid Energy Sources
Liquid energy sources are important because they:
- Are easily transportable
- Have high energy content
- Can be stored for long periods
- Are readily available in most places
- Power many essential activities like transportation and cooking
- Support industries and economic activities
Teaching Methods:
To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following methods: Discussion, Explanation, Demonstration, Questioning, Visual Aids, Group Work, Guided Discovery
Instructional Procedures:
To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:
| Content Development | Time | Teaching Skills | Teacher’s Activity | Pupils’ Activity | Learning Point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1: Introduction | 3 mins | Set Induction | Teacher shows pupils a kerosene lamp and asks: “What makes this lamp produce light?” Then connects their responses to the topic. | Pupils observe the lamp and answer questions about what makes it work. | Energy helps us do work and comes from different sources. |
| Step 2: Meaning of Energy | 6 mins | Explanation, Questioning | Teacher explains what energy is, gives examples of different forms of energy, and asks pupils where they see energy being used at home. | Pupils listen attentively and share examples of energy use from their daily experiences. | Energy is the ability to do work and exists in different forms. |
| Step 3: Sources of Energy | 5 mins | Discussion, Visual Aids | Teacher displays charts showing different energy sources and explains the difference between renewable and non-renewable sources. | Pupils observe the charts and participate in discussion by identifying the sources they recognize. | Energy comes from various sources that can be renewable or non-renewable. |
| Step 4: Liquid Sources of Energy | 8 mins | Demonstration, Explanation | Teacher shows samples of different liquid fuels (in sealed containers) and explains how each one provides energy when used. | Pupils observe the samples and ask questions about the different liquids. | Liquids like petrol, kerosene, and diesel are important sources of energy. |
| Step 5: Uses of Liquid Fuels | 7 mins | Group Work, Discussion | Teacher divides pupils into groups and asks each group to discuss and list the uses of a specific liquid fuel assigned to them. | Pupils work in groups to discuss and list uses of their assigned liquid fuel, then share with the class. | Different liquid fuels have specific uses in our daily lives and industries. |
| Step 6: Note Taking | 5 mins | Guidance | Teacher writes key points on the board and guides pupils to copy important information in their notebooks. | Pupils copy the notes in their notebooks neatly. | Recording information helps in remembering key concepts about liquid energy sources. |
| Step 7: Evaluation | 4 mins | Assessment | Teacher asks evaluation questions to test pupils’ understanding of the topic. | Pupils respond to questions individually and demonstrate their understanding. | Assessment helps to confirm learning and identify areas needing clarification. |
| Step 8: Conclusion | 2 mins | Cognitive Closure | Teacher summarizes the main points of the lesson and reminds pupils of the importance of liquid energy sources in daily life. | Pupils listen and ask final questions if any. | Liquid fuels are vital energy sources that power many aspects of modern life. |
Lesson Evaluation:
To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:
- Define energy in their own words
- List five examples of liquid fuels used as sources of energy
- Explain how kerosene provides energy when used in a lamp
- State two uses each for petrol and diesel
- Describe why cooking oils are considered sources of energy
- Draw and label a kerosene lamp showing how it uses liquid fuel
- Explain the difference between renewable and non-renewable liquid fuels
- Complete this sentence: “Liquid fuels provide energy through the process of ___________”
Differentiation:
For advanced learners, extend with questions about energy efficiency and conservation. For struggling learners, provide visual aids and simplified explanations focusing on familiar examples like kerosene lamps and cooking oils. Use peer teaching to support inclusive learning.
Note for teachers using this lesson plan:
Ensure all liquid fuel samples are kept in sealed containers for safety. Connect concepts to pupils’ everyday experiences with cooking, generators, and transportation. Consider conducting a simple demonstration with a kerosene lamp (with proper safety precautions) to show how liquid fuel produces heat and light energy.