Class: Primary 4
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 2
Age: 9 years
Duration: 40 minutes
Subject: Pre-Vocational Studies
Curriculum Theme: Agricultural Science
Previous Lesson: Meaning of Soil
Topic: Types of Soil
Content: Soil Classification

Performance Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain: Identify three types of soil and describe their characteristics.
Affective Domain: Appreciate the importance of different soil types in plant growth.
Psychomotor Domain: Classify soil samples into different types through observation.
Social Domain: Collaborate with classmates to discuss the uses of soil types in farming.

Reference Materials:

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9–Years Basic Education Curriculum Abuja
Educational Resource Centre Scheme of Work
NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
Online information from: BYJU’S – Types Of Soil – Sandy Soil, Clay Soil, Silt Soil, And Loamy Soil
Relevant textbooks.

Instructional Materials:

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Real soil samples (sand, clay, loam)
Transparent containers for observation
Magnifying lens
Charts showing soil types and their uses

Rationale for the Lesson:

Understanding soil types helps pupils recognize the importance of soil in agriculture and how it supports plant growth, which is essential for food production and sustainability.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge:

Pupils have learned about the meaning of soil and its basic functions. They are familiar with seeing soil in their environment.

Instructional Procedures:

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Content Development	Time	Teaching Method	Teaching Strategy	Teacher’s Activity	Pupils’ Activity	Learning Point
Step 1: Introduction	5 mins	Set Induction	Questioning	Teacher asks pupils what they know about soil and its uses.	Pupils respond by sharing their ideas.	Pupils recall prior knowledge of soil.
Step 2: Explanation	10 mins	Demonstration	Visual aids	Teacher displays and describes soil samples, explaining their characteristics.	Pupils observe soil samples and listen.	Pupils understand characteristics of soil types.
Step 3: Classification	10 mins	Group activity	Hands-on learning	Teacher guides pupils in grouping soil samples into sand, clay, and loam.	Pupils sort soil into groups.	Pupils learn to classify soil types.
Step 4: Discussion	5 mins	Guided discussion	Think-pair-share	Teacher explains the uses of each soil type in farming and construction.	Pupils discuss with partners.	Pupils link soil types to their uses.
Step 5: Note Taking	5 mins	Direct instruction	Note writing	Teacher writes the lesson summary on the board.	Pupils copy notes into their books.	Pupils record key points of the lesson.
Step 6: Evaluation	3 mins	Oral questioning	Recap and review	Teacher asks questions to assess understanding.	Pupils answer questions orally.	Pupils reflect on what they’ve learned.
Step 7: Conclusion	2 mins	Recap and reinforcement	Summary	Teacher reviews key points and gives a homework task.	Pupils listen and note homework.	Pupils consolidate learning.

Lesson Content

Types of Soil

Soil is a natural resource that supports plant growth. It is made up of tiny particles of rocks, minerals, and organic matter. There are three main types of soil:

Sandy Soil: This soil has large particles, feels gritty, and drains water quickly. It is not very fertile.
Clay Soil: This soil has small, tightly packed particles. It feels smooth when wet and holds water well, but drains poorly.
Loamy Soil: This soil is a mix of sand, clay, and organic matter. It is the best soil for farming because it holds water and nutrients well.

Lesson Evaluation

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

Name the three main types of soil.
Describe one characteristic of sandy soil.
Explain why loamy soil is good for farming.
Classify a soil sample into its type by observing its texture.

Note for Teachers Using This Lesson Plan:

Make the lesson engaging by allowing pupils to feel the soil samples. Encourage participation by asking open-ended questions. Use charts to enhance understanding. Happy teaching!

Press ESC to close

Types Of Soil (Primary 4)