Class: Primary 4
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 4
Age: 9 years
Duration: 40 minutes
Subject: Basic Science Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Topic: Human Body (The Mouth)
Content: Work of salivary gland and saliva.

Specific Objectives:

Cognitive Domain: Understand the functions of saliva and the salivary gland.
Affective Domain: Appreciate the importance of saliva in the digestive process.
Psychomotor Domain: Demonstrate ways to maintain oral hygiene.
Social Domain: Discuss the social aspects of saliva in food tasting and digestion.

Reference Materials:

9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
Abuja Educational Resource Centre Scheme of work
NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
Online Information
Textbooks

Instructional Materials:

Diagrams of the mouth and salivary glands
Video clips showing the process of saliva production
Real-life examples of foods that stimulate saliva production

Rationale for the Lesson:

Understanding the role of saliva and the salivary glands is crucial for comprehending the human digestive system and its importance in breaking down food and maintaining oral health.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge:

Basic knowledge of body parts, especially the mouth.

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

Content Development: Work Of Salivary Gland And Saliva

Content	Time	Teaching Method	Teaching Strategy	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity	Learning Point
Introduction	5 min	Lecture	Interactive Discussion	Introduce the topic and explain the objectives	Listening and asking questions	Understanding the importance of the topic
Functions of Saliva	10 min	Demonstration	Visual Learning	Show video/diagram of saliva production	Observing and identifying parts of the mouth	Identifying the role of saliva
Importance of Saliva in Digestion	10 min	Group Discussion	Collaborative Learning	Facilitate group discussions on saliva’s role in digestion	Discussing and sharing ideas	Understanding saliva’s digestive functions
Oral Hygiene	5 min	Practical Demonstration	Experiential Learning	Demonstrate proper oral hygiene practices	Practicing and mimicking the demonstration	Learning oral hygiene practices
Recap and Q&A	5 min	Interactive Lecture	Inquiry-Based Learning	Recap the lesson and answer questions	Asking and answering questions	Reinforcing the lesson’s content
Note taking	5 min	Writing	Information Recall	Instruct pupils to write notes	Writing classroom notes	Summarizing the lesson’s key points
Evaluation	2 min	Questioning	Assessment	Ask evaluation questions	Responding to questions	Assessing understanding of the topic
Conclusion	3 min	Summarization	Closure	Conclude the lesson and give a brief summary	Listening and understanding	Gaining closure on the topic

Classroom Note:

Functions of Saliva in Feeding:

Saliva starts the process of digestion by breaking down starches into simpler sugars.
It lubricates the mouth, making swallowing easier.
Saliva helps in taste perception by dissolving food particles.
It contains enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.
Saliva acts as a cleanser for the mouth, washing away food particles and bacteria.
It helps in the formation of the food bolus for easier swallowing.
Saliva plays a role in oral health by neutralizing acids and aiding in tooth remineralization.

Importance of saliva in the digestive process:

Starts Digestion: Saliva contains an enzyme called amylase which begins the process of breaking down starches into simpler sugars right in the mouth.
Lubrication for Swallowing: It moistens food, making it easier to chew and swallow. Without saliva, swallowing dry or coarse food would be difficult.
Taste Enhancement: Saliva helps in dissolving food particles, which enhances the ability to taste. It’s essential for appreciating the flavors of various foods.

Oral Health: Saliva helps to cleanse the mouth by washing away food particles and bacteria, reducing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. It also neutralizes acids that can erode tooth enamel.

Evaluation:

What is the primary enzyme found in saliva and what is its function?
How does saliva contribute to oral hygiene?
Describe how saliva assists in the digestion of food.

Note to Teachers:

Customize the lesson content, teaching methods, and pupil activities to suit your teaching style, curriculum, and available resources.

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Lesson Note On Human Body – The Mouth IV (Basic 4)