Class: Primary 5
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 4
Age: 10 years
Duration: 40 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: The Human Body: Types Of Joints
Topic: The Human Body: Hinge Joint
Content: Hinge Joint (Elbow, Knee Joint).

Performance Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
- Identify and describe the hinge joint in the human body.
- Explain how hinge joints work (flexion and extension).
Affective Domain:
- Appreciate the importance of hinge joints in movement.
- Show interest in learning about human body functions.
Psychomotor Domain:
- Demonstrate the movement of hinge joints (bending the elbow and knee).
Social Domain:
- Discuss with peers how hinge joints are involved in daily activities like walking and lifting.

Reference Materials:

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
Abuja Educational Resource Centre Scheme of work
NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
Online Information from: Wikipedia – Hinge joint
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials:

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Chart showing examples of hinge joints.
A model or diagram of the human skeleton.
Picture cards of activities that involve hinge joints.

Rationale for the Lesson:

Understanding hinge joints helps us appreciate how our body moves and functions in everyday activities such as walking, running, and lifting objects. This knowledge encourages a deeper interest in human biology and promotes awareness of the importance of keeping our joints healthy.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge:

Pupils should have an understanding of the basic structure of the human body and previous knowledge about types of joints.

Instructional Procedures:

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Content Development	Time	Teaching Method	Teaching Strategy	Teacher’s Activity	Pupils’ Activity	Learning Point
Step 1: Introduction	5 mins	Set induction	Questioning, Visual aids	Ask pupils to identify joints in their body (e.g., elbow, knee). Show a chart of the human skeleton.	Pupils respond to questions, raising hands to identify joints.	Introduction to hinge joints in the human body.
Step 2: Explaining Hinge Joints	8 mins	Direct Instruction	Lecture, Visual aids	Explain what hinge joints are, using the chart to show where they are in the body.	Listen and take notes, ask questions if unsure.	Definition and explanation of hinge joints.
Step 3: Types of Hinge Joints	8 mins	Demonstration	Modeling, Visual aids	Demonstrate the movement of the elbow and knee joints. Ask pupils to follow.	Pupils stand and mimic the movements (bending elbows and knees).	Understanding the function of hinge joints.
Step 4: Examples of Hinge Joints	6 mins	Discussion	Group discussion	List examples of hinge joints (e.g., elbow, knee) and discuss their functions.	Pupils discuss in pairs, listing examples of hinge joints.	Examples of hinge joints and their functions.
Step 5: Importance of Hinge Joints	6 mins	Direct Instruction	Questioning, Visual aids	Explain the role of hinge joints in daily activities like walking and lifting objects.	Pupils reflect on how hinge joints are used in everyday life.	Role of hinge joints in everyday movements.
Step 6: Note-Taking	4 mins	Guided Practice	Note-taking	Guide pupils to write down key points about hinge joints.	Pupils take notes on hinge joints (elbow, knee).	Reinforcement of learning.
Step 7: Evaluation & Conclusion	4 mins	Evaluation	Questioning, Review	Ask pupils questions to check understanding. Review key points.	Pupils answer questions, summarize what they learned.	Summarize and reinforce key concepts.

Lesson Content:

The Human Body: Hinge Joints

Hinge joints are a type of joint in the human body that allow movement in one direction, like a door opening and closing. These joints allow flexion (bending) and extension (straightening) of body parts.

Examples of hinge joints include:

Elbow Joint: It allows the forearm to bend and straighten.
Knee Joint: It allows the lower leg to bend and straighten.
Ankle Joint: It allows the foot to move up and down.
Finger Joints: They allow the fingers to bend and straighten.
Toe Joints: They help the toes bend and straighten.

Lesson Evaluation:

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

Name two examples of hinge joints in the human body.
Describe how a hinge joint moves.
Explain one daily activity that involves a hinge joint.
Demonstrate the movement of an elbow and knee joint.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan:

When explaining hinge joints, make use of visual aids and demonstrations to make the lesson interactive and engaging. Encourage pupils to ask questions if they are unsure about any part of the lesson. Be sure to give clear instructions for movements so that pupils can mimic them correctly. If time allows, encourage group discussions on how hinge joints are used in different sports.
Happy teaching!

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The Human Body: Hinge Joint (Primary 5)