Class: Primary 5
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 3
Age: 10 years
Duration: 40 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: The Human Body: Vertebra
Topic: The Human Body: Types of Joints
Content: (Ball and socket) shoulder joint.

Performance Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain: Identify and explain the ball-and-socket joint in the human body.
Affective Domain: Appreciate the role of joints in body movement.
Psychomotor Domain: Demonstrate the range of movement of a ball-and-socket joint.
Social Domain: Collaborate with classmates in identifying types of joints.

Reference Materials:

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9–Years Basic Education Curriculum.
Abuja Educational Resource Centre Scheme of Work.
NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work.
Online information from Kenhub – Types of joints: Anatomy and arthrology
Relevant textbooks.

Instructional Materials:

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

A chart showing the ball-and-socket joint.
A human skeleton model or diagram.
Videos or animations of joints in motion (optional).
A small ball and cup model to mimic the joint.

Rationale for the Lesson:

Understanding the types of joints and their functions helps pupils appreciate how the human body moves and how to maintain joint health for a functional lifestyle.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge:

Pupils are familiar with the structure of the human skeleton and its main parts, including the spine and vertebrae.

Instructional Procedures:

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Content Development	Time	Teaching Method	Teaching Strategy	Teacher’s Activity	Pupils’ Activity	Learning Point
Step 1: Introduction	5 mins	Set induction	Question and discussion	Asks pupils to move their arms in circles and explain.	Pupils demonstrate circular movements.	Joints enable movement in the body.
Step 2: Explanation	10 mins	Lecture and visuals	Demonstration using charts	Explains ball-and-socket joint using a chart.	Observe and ask questions.	A ball-and-socket joint allows rotation.
Step 3: Exploration	10 mins	Interactive activity	Hands-on demonstration	Uses a ball-and-cup model to mimic the joint.	Pupils mimic movements using the model.	Ball-and-socket joints enable wide motion.
Step 4: Note-taking	5 mins	Written exercise	Guided writing	Guides pupils to write the key points in their notes.	Write down the notes.	Pupils document what they learn.
Step 5: Evaluation	5 mins	Oral questioning	Think-pair-share	Asks pupils to answer questions based on the lesson.	Answer questions and discuss in pairs.	assess their understanding.
Step 6: Conclusion	5 mins	Recap and summary	Reflective discussion	Summarizes the lesson and its importance in life.	Listen and reflect on key points.	Recap solidifies understanding.

Lesson Content:

The Human Body: Types of Joints

Joints are places where two or more bones meet, allowing movement. Without joints, our bodies would be stiff and immobile.

Types of Joints in the Human Body:

Ball-and-Socket Joint: Found in the shoulder and hip. These joints allow rotational and wide-range movements.
Hinge Joint: Found in the elbow and knee. These allow movement in one direction like a door hinge.
Pivot Joint: Found in the neck. This allows rotational movement.
Gliding Joint: Found in the wrists. These allow bones to glide over each other.

Lesson Evaluation:

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

Define a ball-and-socket joint.
Identify two examples of ball-and-socket joints in the human body.
Describe the type of movement allowed by ball-and-socket joints.
Mention two other types of joints apart from the ball-and-socket joint.

Note for Teachers Using This Lesson Plan:

Encourage active participation by asking pupils to demonstrate movements with their arms and legs. Visual aids like charts and models can make the lesson more engaging. If possible, use technology to show videos of joints in action. Happy teaching!

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The Human Body: Types Of Joints (Primary 5)