Class: Primary 6

Term: 1st Term

Week: 5

Age: 11 years

Duration: 40 minutes

Subject: Pre-Vocational Studies

Curriculum Theme: Agricultural Science
Previous Lesson: Methods of farm produce preservation: Sun Drying

Topic: Methods of Farm Produce Preservation

Content: Smoking, Salting, Frying

Performance Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
Cognitive Domain:

Explain the meaning and purpose of smoking, salting, and frying as methods of preserving farm produce.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of food preservation in preventing food wastage.

Psychomotor Domain:

Demonstrate how farm produce can be salted or smoked for preservation.

Social Domain:

Work together in groups to discuss the advantages of each preservation method.

Reference Materials:

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
Abuja Educational Resource Centre Scheme of Work
NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
Online Information from Britannica – Smoking | Food Preservation & Methods
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials:

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Diagrams showing methods of farm produce preservation.
Real examples of farm produce (e.g., fish, vegetables).
Salt and frying pan for demonstration.

Rationale for the Lesson:

Understanding methods of farm produce preservation is essential for preventing food spoilage and ensuring food availability throughout the year. These techniques are valuable not only in farming but also in everyday life, as they help extend the shelf life of various food items.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge:

Pupils are familiar with one method of farm produce preservation (sun drying) from the previous lesson. They also understand the need to preserve food to avoid wastage.

Instructional Procedures:

Learning Area: Methods of Farm Produce Preservation

Content Development	Time	Teaching Method	Teaching Strategy	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity	Learning Point
Step 1: Introduction	5 minutes	Interactive Teaching	Question & Answer	The teacher asks pupils to recall the method of sun drying taught in the previous lesson and introduces today’s topic: Other methods of preservation like smoking, salting, and frying.	Pupils respond by naming methods of preservation.	Introduces key methods of preservation.
Step 2: Smoking	8 minutes	Direct Instruction	Visual aids and demonstration	The teacher explains and shows a diagram of how farm produce (e.g., fish) can be preserved by smoking.	Pupils listen and observe the diagram.	Understand how smoking preserves farm produce.
Step 3: Salting	8 minutes	Demonstration	Practical illustration	The teacher demonstrates salting using fish and explains how it helps to preserve moisture-sensitive produce.	Pupils observe the demonstration and take notes.	Learn the use of salt in food preservation.
Step 4: Frying	8 minutes	Demonstration	Visual demonstration	The teacher explains frying as a preservation method by frying vegetables and highlights how frying reduces moisture.	Pupils observe the frying process.	Understand how frying helps preserve food.
Step 5: Note Taking	5 minutes	Direct Instruction	Explanation and dictation	The teacher guides pupils to copy the notes on the methods of preservation.	Pupils write the notes in their notebooks.	Reinforce understanding of the topic.
Step 6: Evaluation	4 minutes	Questioning	Oral questioning	The teacher asks pupils questions to evaluate their understanding of the lesson.	Pupils answer the questions orally.	Test pupils’ understanding of smoking, salting, and frying.
Step 7: Conclusion	2 minutes	Summary	Recap	The teacher summarizes the lesson by revisiting the importance of food preservation.	Pupils listen attentively.	Reinforces key concepts taught.

Lesson Content

Methods of Farm Produce Preservation: Smoking, Salting, Frying

Preserving farm produce: Smoking, Salting, and Frying.

Smoking: This means preserving food by drying it with smoke, usually from a fire. Smoking is often used for fish or meat. The heat from the smoke dries the food and adds a smoky flavor, making it last longer. This method also prevents bacteria from growing on the food.

Salting: Salting is done by rubbing or soaking farm produce in salt. This helps remove water from the food, stopping the growth of bacteria that cause spoilage. Common foods preserved with salt include fish, meat, and some vegetables.

Frying: Frying is the process of cooking food in hot oil. When you fry vegetables or fish, the heat removes moisture from the food, making it last longer. Fried foods can be stored for some time before they spoil.

Lesson Evaluation:

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

Define smoking, salting, and frying.

Explain why salt helps preserve farm produce.
Describe how smoking helps prevent food spoilage.
Mention two advantages of frying as a preservation method.
List the types of farm produce that can be preserved by smoking.

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Methods Of Farm Produce Preservation: Smoking, Salting, Frying (Primary 6)